just.adjective
honorable and fair in one's dealings and actions (a just ruler); fair; consistent with what is morally right; righteous (a just cause); properly due or merited (just deserts); valid within the law; lawful (just claims); suitable or proper in nature; fitting (a just touch of solemnity); based on fact or sound reason; well founded (a just appraisal)

justification.noun
state of being justified by God

justify, justified, justifying, justifies.verbs
to prove or show to be just, right
transitive verb use.to demonstrate or prove to be just, right, or valid (justified each budgetary expense as necessary); anger that is justified by the circumstances; to declare free of blame; absolve; to free (a human being) of the guilt and penalty attached to sin
inflected form(s).justified, justifying

jealous.adjective
fearful or wary of being supplanted; apprehensive of losing affection, attention or position; envious.(jealous of the success of others); inclined to suspect rivalry; having to do with or arising from feelings of envy, apprehension, or bitterness (jealous thoughts); intolerant of rivalry or unfaithfulness; feeling or showing an unhappy or angry desire to have what someone else has (success has made some of his old friends jealous); feeling, pining or showing unhappiness due to a feeling of loss or potential loss, or anger, because you think that someone you love, such as your husband or wife, likes or is liked by someone else and you might lose that person's affection you cherish.(a jealous woman; she became very jealous whenever he talked to other women); provoked to rivalry; disposed to suspect rivalry or unfaithfulness; hostile toward a rival or one believed to enjoy an advantage; vigilant in guarding a possession (new colonies were jealous of their new independence); very concerned about protecting or keeping something (she was jealous of her own good reputation; he has always been very jealous of his privacy)
jealousness.noun
jealously.adverb

juncture.noun
joint, connection

joint venture
a legal entity or other organization that results from a contractual arrangement and is owned, operated, or governed by two or more participants as a separate and specific activity subject to joint control, in which the participants retain either an ongoing financial interest or an ongoing financial responsibility

judge, judged, judging, judges.verbs
transitive verb use.to form an opinion or estimation of after careful consideration.(judge heights; judging character); to hear and decide on; try (judge a case); to act as one appointed to decide the winners of (judge an essay contest); to determine or declare after consideration or deliberation; to have as an opinion or assumption; suppose (I judge you're right)
Bible.–.to govern; rule (used of an ancient.Israelite leader .–.the Book of Judges)
intransitive verb use.to form an opinion or evaluation; to act or decide as a judge
judge.noun
one who judges; one who makes estimates as to worth, quality, or fitness (a good judge of used cars; a poor judge of character); a public official who hears and decides cases brought before a court of law; one appointed to decide the winners of a contest or competition
Bible.–.a leader of the Israelites during a period of about 400 years between the death of Joshua and the accession of Saul

judgment also judgement.noun
the act or process of judging; the formation of an opinion after consideration or deliberation; the mental ability to perceive and distinguish relationships; discernment.(fatigue may affect a pilot's judgment of distances); the capacity to form an opinion by distinguishing and evaluating (his judgment of fine music is impeccable); the capacity to assess situations or circumstances and draw sound conclusions; good sense (she showed good judgment in not dating that character); reason; an opinion or estimate formed after consideration or deliberation, especially a formal or authoritative decision

judgmental.adjective
of, relating to, or involving judgment; characterized by a tendency to judge harshly; judgmentally

jeer, jeered, jeering, jeers.verbs
to make fun of a person or thing in a rude-sarcastic manner; a jeering remark; sarcastic or derisive comment
intransitive use.to speak or shout derisively; mock
transitive use.to abuse vocally; taunt.(jeered the speaker off the stage)
jeer.noun
a scoffing or taunting remark or shout
jeerer.noun
jeeringly.adverb

jargon.noun
a somewhat derogatory term implying unintelligibility regarding the specialized vocabulary and idioms of those in the same work, way of life, etc., as social work, scientific pursuits, etc.; argot

Josephus, Flavius, A.D. 37-100
Jewish general and historian, born in Jerusalem of both royal and priestly lineage, who took part in the Jewish revolt against the Romans. Josephus was commissioned to write a comprehensive History of the Jews for the Romans. Josephus wrote some absorbing eye witness information regarding the New Testament and the destruction of Jerusalem in his historical records. He was a Jewish priest who served his turn in the temple and he became one of the top ten Jewish generals in the war against Rome. He was captured early in the war, but because of his prediction that Vespasian would become emperor, was allowed to travel with the Romans and record the history of the war. His information is valuable is because he was a Jewish eyewitness, writing for both Jewish and Roman readers and therefore forced to be as accurate and objective as possibleHe drew upon past writers from around the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern world in the course of his research.

His History of the Jews is the major source of information about the siege of Masada (an ancient mountaintop fortress in southeast Israel on the southwest shore of the Dead Sea. In A.D. 73, after a two year siege, members of the Zealot Jewish sect committed mass suicide rather than surrender to the Romans)

"His works include:.The Jewish War.(in 7 books), which he wrote to dissuade his people and other nations from courting annihilation by further revolt against an all powerful Rome; Jewish Antiquities.(in 20 books), a history of the Jews from the creation to A.D. 66 that eloquently demonstrates how his people had flourished under the law of God; an autobiography, Life; and Against Apion, a refutation of charges against the Jews made by the anti Semitic Greek grammarian Apion.(flourished 1st century).and other likeminded writers. The last named is invaluable, because Josephus recapitulates writings on Jewish history that are no longer extant."...Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 99..(Josephus works.–.free download on the Internet)

Josephus presents us with ancient Jewish history and life in Roman occupied Palestine, approximately one generation after the life of Emmanuel Christ. As a personal friend of the newly inaugurated Roman emperor Flavius, Josephus moved to Rome where he had access to the scholars and libraries of the Roman Empire, even as his own people were being beaten down, enslaved and harshly dispersed by Roman armies. This was the time of Masada, of the Dead Sea Scrolls and of the rapid explosion of the early Christian church. Josephus comments that the conflict with Rome in 70 A.D. was the "Revolution of the Ages", meaning the changing into another age.

If you would like the works of Josephus on CD, along with hundreds of other ancient and modern authors, contact Sage Software at http://www.sagelibrary.com, or download it free with the Online Bible which you can download and put on your computer, then not needing the Internet to use it.

Andrew Johnson
became the 17th U.S. president when Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865
 
 
 
 

Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 99. © 1993-1998 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

joule
the International System unit of electrical, mechanical, and thermal energy; a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of 1 ampere is passed through a resistance of 1 ohm for 1 second; a unit of energy equal to the work done when a force of 1 newton acts through a distance of 1 meter (named after James Prescott Joule, 1818-1889, British physicist who established the mechanical theory of heat and discovered the first law of thermodynamics)

jaunty, jauntier, jauntiest.adjective
having a buoyant or self confident air; brisk; crisp and dapper in appearance; natty
jauntily-adverb
jauntiness-noun

John of Salisbury, 1115?-1180
English bishop and scholar who wrote biographies of Becket and Anselm and treatises on diplomacy, logic, and Aristotelian philosophy

jurisdiction.noun
Law.–.the right and power to interpret and apply the law (courts having jurisdiction in this district); the territorial range of authority or control; authority or control (islands under U.S. jurisdiction; a bureau with jurisdiction over Native American affairs); the extent of authority or control (a family matter beyond the school's jurisdiction)
jurisdictional.adjective
jurisdictionally-adverb

juxtapose, juxtaposed, juxtaposing, juxtaposes.transitive verbs
to place side by side, especially for comparison or contrast

jerk, jerked, jerking, jerks.verbs
transitive use.to give a sudden quick thrust, push, pull, or twist to; to throw or toss with a quick abrupt motion; to utter abruptly or sharply (jerked out the answer); to make and serve (ice-cream sodas, for example) at a soda fountain (soda jerk)
intransitive use.to move in sudden abrupt motions; jolt (the train jerked ahead); to make spasmodic motions (my legs jerked from fatigue)

jerk.noun
a person presently unable to 'get it all together' and therefore relies on phoniness as a crutch, because he or she has seemingly been bypassed by lessons of life others have learned; one who lacks the smarts in people skills; a dull, stupid, or fatuous person; a sudden abrupt motion, such as a yank or twist; a jolting or lurching motion
jerker.noun
jerkingly.adverb

jerky, jerkier, jerkiest.adjective
foolish; silly; a jerk; a fatuous person (his jerky ideas about how to live life show in his demeanor); characterized by jerks or jerking (a jerky bus ride); 
jerkily.adverb
jerkiness.noun