thermodynamics (laws of).noun
Thermodynamics is the science that deals with
the relationship of heat and other forms of energy such as mechanical energy,
called thermodynamic (means, operated by heat converted into motive power),
and the conversion
of one into the other, however, thermodynamics should not be applied on
the molecular scale – enthalpy-(Hess's
law)
The laws of thermodynamics which apply to common
objects cannot be described at the molecular level as the vast numbers
of moving molecules
are impossible to accurately quantify,
because there is no know equation
which would provide us with accurate positioning and velocity (speed)-factors
in order to ascertain
exactly what each molecule is doing and where it may be doing it at any
particular time, as well as determine variables involved in molecular motion
due to
extraneous
conditions.
0) If systems A & B are
in thermal equilibrium,
and B & C are in thermal equilibrium, then A & C are also in thermal
equilibrium. This law is tacitly
assumed in every measurement of temperature.
1)
Known as the law of energy conservation: This means the energy after an
event is equal to that before it. This 1st law
states that nothing is now being created in the physical universe so far
as science can tell. For example, the neutrino carries exactly the amount
of energy needed to balance the energy accounting for the reaction – the
disintegration
caused by the event. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed; heat
and mechanical work being mutually
convertible. Neither mass
nor energy can be created from nothing. Every effect must have a cause.
This first law states that all forms of energy can neither be created nor
destroyed, only transferred.
The Law of Conservation of Energy is undoubtedly
correct when it shows that more energy cannot be taken out of any system
than is put into that system. However, that does not mean that we cannot
get more energy out of a system than we put into it. A crude example is
a solar panel in sunlight. We get electrical power out of the panel but
we do not put the sunlight into the panel - the sunlight arrives on its
own. This example is simple as we can see the sunlight reaching the solar
panel. Another example is a TV. We never say that a TV cannot work because
we can't see the signal providing the picture.
According to Isaac Asimov, the first law "is considered
the most powerful and most fundamental
generalization about the Universe that scientists have been able to make"
... In The Game Of Energy And Thermodynamics You Can't Even Break Even",
Journal
of Smithsonian Institute-(June
970), page 6.
2)
It is impossible for an unaided self acting machine to convey heat from
one body to another having a higher temperature. Entropy
is a thermodynamic state function. This-second
law-(entropy) states that the amount
of energy disorder in any isolated system (the Universe and the self acting
machine for examples) cannot decrease with time, as the total energy remains
constant; however, the amount of energy available to do useful work consistently
decreases.
The entropy in a system can be thought of as how
close it is to equilibrium.
Once maximum entropy is reached, no further changes can occur in the system.
A heated cup of coffee returns as quickly as it can to the ambient
temperature. Untreated steel left in a field quickly breaks down and is
absorbed by the ground from whence it first came. Physical things run down.
They go from complex to simple.
Classical thermodynamics measures the unavailability
of energy for further work.
Statistical
thermodynamics measures the decreased order of structure
within a system, and informational thermodynamics measures lost or distorted
information.
3) It is impossible by any
procedure, no matter how idealized, to reduce any system to the absolute
zero of temperature (0ºK/273ºCelsius/-459ºFahernheit) in
an infinite
number of operations. This law states that the entropy
of a perfect crystalline substance at absolute zero is zero. More
on thermodynamics.
tin.noun
a malleable,
silvery metallic element obtained chiefly from cassiterite (a tin ore).
It is used to coat other metals to prevent corrosion and is a part of numerous
alloys, such as soft solder, pewter, type metal, and bronze. Atomic
number 50; atomic weight
118.69; melting point 231.89°C;
boiling point 2,270°C; specific
gravity 7.31; valence 2, 4.
2. Tin plate. Tin can.
transgress,
transgressed,
transgressing,
transgresses.verbs
transitive
verb senses.to go beyond or over (a
limit or boundary); exceed or overstep; to act in violation of (the law,
for example)
intransitive
verb senses.to commit an offense by
violating a law or command; sin; to step across
transgressible, transgressive.adjectives
transgressively.adverb
transgressor.noun
tangle, tangled,
tangling,
tangles.verbs
transitive verb senses.to
mix together or intertwine
in a confused mass; snarl;
to involve in hampering or awkward.complications;
entangle;
to catch and hold in or as if in a net; entrap;
catch
intransitive verb senses.to
be or become entangled
tangle.noun
a confused, intertwined.mass;
a jumbled or confused state or condition;
a state of bewilderment
tangly.adjective
trace.noun
an extremely small amount; a visible mark, such
as a footprint, made or left by the passage of a person, an animal, or
a thing; evidence or an indication of the former presence or existence
of something; a vestige; a touch (spoke with a trace of sarcasm);
trace, traced,
tracing,
traces.verbs
transitive verb use.to
follow the course or trail of (trace a wounded deer; tracing missing persons);
to ascertain the successive
stages in the development or progress of (tracing the life cycle of an
insect; trace the history of a family); to locate or discover by searching
or researching evidence (traced the cause of disease to attitude); to draw
(a line or figure); sketch; to copy by following lines seen through a sheet
of transparent paper
intransitive verb senses.to
make one's way along a trail or course (traced through the files); to have
origins; be traceable (linguistic
features that trace to West Africa)
traceability.or.traceableness.noun
traceable.adjective
traceably.adverb
terrorism.noun
the use or threatened use of force or violence
by rogue groups or corrupt governments
against peaceful people or property with the intention
of gain by greed using intimidation
or coercion
terrorist.noun
that engages in act(s) of terrorism
terrorist.adjective
of, relating to, or constituting
terrorism
terroristic.adjective
torment.noun
physical pain or mental anguish;
a source of harassment, annoyance,
or pain
torment, tormented,
tormenting,
torments.transitive
verbs
to cause to undergo pain or mental anguish; afflict;
to agitate or upset greatly; to
annoy,
pester,
or harass
tormentingly.adverb
tarry, tarried,
tarrying,
tarries.verbs
intransitive verb senses.to
delay or be late in going, coming, or doing; stay; to wait; to remain or
stay temporarily, as in a place; sojourn
transitive verb senses.to
wait for; await
tarry.noun
a temporary stay; a sojourn
tarrier.noun
tease, teased,
teasing,
teases.verbs
transitive verb use.to
annoy
or pester;
vex;
to make fun of; mock playfully; to
arouse
hope, desire, or curiosity in without affording satisfaction; to urge.persistently;
coax.(teasing
their sister about her new boyfriend); to disentangle and dress the fibers
of (wool, for example); to raise the nap of (cloth) by dressing, as with
a fuller's teasel; to ruffle (the hair) by combing from the ends toward
the scalp for an airy, full effect
intransitive verb use.to
annoy or make fun of someone persistently
tease.noun
the act of teasing; the experience of being teased;
one that teases; a woman who behaves like a coquette;
a preliminary remark or act
intended to whet the curiosity
teasingly.adverb