ça va sans dire (French)
it goes without saying

c'est-à-dire (French)
that is to say; namely

Constitution of the United States of America.(pic of US)
A system of fundamental laws of the United States of America, the first ten amendments of which are called the Bill of Rights. It is based upon the Articles of Confederation, which was the first constitution.of the United States.

The U.S. Constitution provides for a federal system, by the individual states having granted to the federal government certain powers for the exercise of the national government, retaining severally the right of Eminent Domain over the lands within the boundaries of their own individual states.

The United States of America in its constitution assured that no large state such as say California, would be able to use its massive population base.(majority rule).to override concerns of say tiny Rhode Island..All.states have two senators and one governor. On the surace it appears as an equitable setup and

something Canadians should at least consider if they ever get around to setting up a proper federal government, as her sisters Ireland, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, etc. have already done.

From Michal Tsarion:."They insist that the so called "United States" is not the same thing as the so called "United States of America." Nevertheless, due to deliberate misinformation and conditioning, most people do believe that the terms refer to one and the same entity. They are certainly not inclined to think of the "United States" (the U.S.) as a foreign corporation.. 
   Furthermore, the drafters of the Constitution intentionally saw to it that the term "United States" had more than one meaning. Specifically, they knew the term did not refer to citizens of a state. Once upon a time, in America, you could have been a citizen of a state without being a citizen of the nation. This political idiosyncrasy did not suit the Federalists and so they ingeniously manipulated the words and terms we have become familiar with. It is a old trick and it serves the cause of totalitarians no end.".They play with words, the meanings being one thing for them and another for you; another example.

The Constitution.(picture of is below).was drawn up by 55 delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia during the summer of 1787 and ratified by the states in 1788. The Constitution defines distinct powers for the Congress of the United States, the president, and the federal courts. This division of authority is known as a system of checks and balances, and it ensures that none of the branches of government can dominate the others. The Constitution also establishes and limits the authority of the federal government over the states and spells out freedoms and liberties for U.S. citizens.

Forces That Shaped The US Constitution:.In 1774 the Parliament of Great Britain capped a series of abuses against the American colonies by imposing a tax on tea imports to the colonies. The colonies quickly agreed to convene a Continental Congress, which in 1776 appointed two committees; one to draft the Declaration of Independence and the other to prepare a "form of confederation" among the colonies. In 1778 this second committee produced the Articles of Confederation. They took effect in 1781 when Maryland, the last holdout state, ratified them.

The Articles of Confederation, the first constitution of the United States, established a league of friendship among the states, but not a political union. Each state remained separate and sovereign (under self rule). The central government consisted of a one chamber Congress, in which each state had a single vote. Congress had few powers, lacking even the authority to impose taxes. Any congressional action required the approval of 9 of the 13 states. The government had no president and no central court.

After numerous votes settled the details, a committee on style and revision was assigned in to put the final results in language to submit to the people for ratification.

Two political dignitaries had great influence on the creation of the Constitution..John Locke.(1632-1704), an important British political philosopher, had a large impact through his.Second Treatise of Government.(1690). Locke argued that sovereignty resides in individuals,.not rulers..A political state, he described, comes forth from a social contract.(informal).among the people, who consent to form a government of their creation, in order to preserve their lives, liberties, and property. In the words of.the Declaration of Independence, which drew heavily on Locke,."governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed, and that a government's existence can only be justified by its ability to protect the human rights better than individuals could on their own". (but, it was later found out, the whole thing was a con of the people where the would be world controllers would maintain their conspiracies)

The framers of the U.S. Constitution put the Constitution above legislative power, indeed, above all governmental powers. The Constitution, particularly the Supremacy Clause of Article VI, establishes the "rule of law," the idea that the.government itself, including the president and Congress, must abide by the law the individual states agreed that they would follows.

The Constitution had to be ratified by nine states before it could take effect.

The Constitution spells out in six articles (sections) the powers of the federal government and the states (the Constitution does not include the term 'separation of powers'). 

No member of Congress may serve simultaneously as a member of the executive branch. This separation differs strikingly from the Canadian and British practice, in which the prime minister and other executive officials are.also members of Parliament (in Canada under some previous regimes it was 'don't trust the people - we have to control them'; in the USA it was set up to be 'we don't trust the fed and we are controlling them). Comprised from Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 99. © 1993-1998 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
The complete United States Constitution is in Encarta.

cache.noun
the store of goods or valuables concealed in a hiding place; a hiding place used especially for storing provisions; a place for concealment and safekeeping, as of valuables; a fast storage buffer in the central processing unit of a computer
cache, cached, caching, caches.transitive verbs
to hide or store in a cache

caliper, often calipers.noun-and.verb
an instrument consisting essentially of two curved hinged legs, used to measure thickness and distances

callous.adjective
being hardened and thickened; having calluses; feeling no emotion; feeling no sympathy for others
callousness.noun
callously.adverb

calumniate.transitive verb
calumniated, calumniating.intransitive verbs
to slander; to spread false and harmful statements about 
calumniation, calumniator.nouns
caluminious.adjective
full of calumnies; slanderous
calumny, calumnies.plural.nouns
a false and malicious statement meant to hurt someone's reputation; the uttering of such a statement; slander

calyx.noun, plural.calyxes or calyces
the sepals of a flower considered as a group; a cuplike structure or organ, such as one of the cuplike divisions of the pelvis or of the kidney; a collecting structure in the kidney

convene, convened, convening, convenes.verbs
intransitive verb use.to come together usually for an official or public purpose; assemble formally
transitive verb use.to cause to come together formally; convoke.(convene a special session of Congress); call; to summon to appear
convenable.adjective
convener or convenor.noun

camaraderie.noun
a spirit (attitude) of friendly good fellowship; a spirit of familiarity and trust existing between friends

Cambrian Era.noun
a geological period 570-6000 million years ago in the Paleozoic Era, believed by evolutionists to be marked by the appearance of the first simple marine animal and plant life, but an era which poses puzzling questions

camouflage.noun
to disguise; to change the appearance of, in order to conceal

Canaan.noun
the name signifies 'the lowlands', as distinguished from the land of Gilead on the east of Jordan, which was a mountainous district; the extent and boundaries of Canaan are fully set forth in different parts of Scripture: Genesis 10:19; 17:8; Numbers 13:29; 34:8. Canaan today is modern physical Israel

canon.noun
an authoritative list of books accepted as Holy Scripture; a regulation or dogma.decreed by a church council; the authentic works of a writer; a sanctioned or accepted group or body of related works (the canon of great literature); an accepted principle or rule; a criterion or standard of judgment; a body of principles, rules, standards, or norms 
synonym.law

caprice.noun
an impulsive change of mind; an inclination to change one's mind impulsively; a sudden, unpredictable action, change, or series of actions or changes (a hailstorm in July is a caprice of nature)
synonyms.whim, whimsy, vagary, freak

capricious.adjective
accidental – as caprice; governed or characterized by sudden, impulsive and seemingly unmotivated ideas or actions; impulsive, unpredictable; arbitrary
capriciousness.noun
capriciously.adverb
synonym-inconstant

capsid.noun
the protein shell that surrounds a virus-particle

carbohydrate.noun
any of certain organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, including the sugars, starches and celluloses

conciliate,conciliated, conciliating, conciliates.transitive verbs
to overcome the distrust or animosity of; appease; to regain or try to regain (friendship or goodwill) by pleasant behavior; to make or attempt to make compatible; reconcile
intransitive use-to gain or try to gain someone's friendship or goodwill; pacify
conciliable, conciliatory.adjectives
conciliation, conciliator.nouns

carbon.noun
The element with an atomic number of 6 and relative mass of 12.01.

CO₂.(carbon dioxide)
a colorless, odorless, incombustible gas, formed during respiration, combustion, and organic decomposition and used in food refrigeration, carbonated beverages, inert atmospheres, fire extinguishers, and aerosols. Also called carbonic acid gas

carnal.adjective
bodily, fleshly, physical, temporal (temporary), corporeal
carnality.noun
carnally.adverb

carpe diem.noun
the admonition to seize the pleasures of the moment without thought for the future

carriage.noun
posture; deportment; manner of bearing the body

cede, ceded, ceding, cedes.transitive verbs
to surrender possession of, especially by treaty; relinquish; to yield; grant

courage.noun
the state or quality of mind or spirit that enables one to face danger, fear, or vicissitudes with self possession, confidence, and resolution; bravery
courageous.adjective
having or characterized by courage; valiant; brave
courageously.adverb
courageousness.noun

couch, couched, couching, couches.verbs
transitive verb use.to word in a certain manner; phrase (couched their protests in diplomatic language); to embroider by laying thread flat on a surface and fastening it by stitches at regular intervals; to spread (grain) on a couch to germinate, as in malting; to lower (a spear, for example) to horizontal position, as for an attack
intransitive verb use.to lie down; recline, as for rest; to lie in ambush or concealment; lurk; to be in a heap or pile, as leaves for decomposition or fermentation
couch.noun
a sofa; a layer of grain, usually barley, spread to germinate; a priming coat of paint or varnish used in artistic painting
coucher.noun